Triphthong

In phonetics, a triphthong /ˈtrɪfθɒŋ/ (from Greek τρίφθογγος, "triphthongos", literally "with three sounds," or "with three tones") is a monosyllabic vowel combination involving a quick but smooth movement of the articulator from one vowel quality to another that passes over a third. While "pure" vowels, or monophthongs, are said to have one target articulator position, diphthongs have two, and triphthongs three.

Examples

First segment is the nucleus

English in British Received Pronunciation (monosyllabic triphthongs with R are optionally distinguished from sequences with disyllabic realizations)

• [aʊ̯ə̯] as in hour (compare with disyllabic "shower" [aʊ̯.ə])
• [aɪ̯ə̯] as in fire (compare with disyllabic "higher" [aɪ̯.ə])
• [ɔɪ̯ə̯] as in "loir" (compare with final disyllabic sequence in "employer" [ɔɪ̯.ə])

As [eɪ̯] and [əʊ̯] become [ɛə̯] and [ɔː] respectively before /r/, all instances of [eɪ̯.ə] and [əʊ̯.ə] are words with the suffix "-er".
Bernese German (a Swiss German dialect):

• [iə̯u̯] as in Gieu 'boy'
• [yə̯u̯] as in Gfüeu 'feeling'
• [uə̯u̯] as in Schueu 'school'
• [yə̯i̯] as in Müej 'trouble'

Northern Austro-Bavarian:^[1]

• [ɔu̯ɐ̯] as in /hɔu̯ɐ̯/ (MHG hâr) 'hair', or as in /ɔu̯ɐ̯/ (mhd. ôr) 'ear'
• [ɛi̯ə̯] as in /mɛi̯ə̯/ (MHG mêr) 'more'
• [ou̯ɐ̯] as in /ʃnou̯ɐ̯/ (MHG snuor) 'cord'
• [ei̯ə̯] as in /fei̯ə̯/ (MHG vier) 'four', or as in /ʃnei̯ə̯l/ (MHG snüerelîn) 'small cord'

The Northern Austro-Bavarian triphthongs have evolved from combinations of former long vowels or diphthongs from the Middle High German (MHG) period and vocalized r.

Second segment is the nucleus

Portuguese:

• [u̯ai̯] as in Paraguai 'Paraguay', iguais 'equal, similar, same (plural)', and quaisquer 'any (plural)'
• [u̯ei̯ ~ u̯ɐi̯] as in enxaguei 'I did rinsed' and magoei 'I get/did (emotional) hurt'
• [u̯ɐ̃u̯] as in saguão 'crush-room'
• [u̯ẽi̯ ~ u̯ɐ̃i̯] as in delinquem 'they break the law' and enxaguem 'they rinse'

Some Portuguese triphthongs appears in places where some speakers can break the first segment to form a hiatus (that is, [i̯] or [u̯] are not equivalent to standard Portuguese semivowels [j] and [w] in this case), and as such they are deemed as non-triphthongs by standard, although many or most speakers produce them as such (and even more frequently when speaking colloquially):

• [i̯ei̯ ~ i̯ɐi̯] as in mapeei 'I mapped' and maquiei 'I did make up' or (colloquially) 'I disguised (the reality)'
• [i̯ou̯] as in clareou 'cleared (singular third person)', miou 'meowed' (second and third persons singular) and piou 'chirped' (singular second and third persons)

In addition, phonetic diphthongs are formed in most Brazilian Portuguese dialects by the vocalization of /l/ in the syllable coda, as well as by yodization of vowels preceding /s/ and /z/ or their syllable-final pre-consonantal allophones [ʃ] and [ʒ], thus if these consonants precede diphthongs, it is likely that a triphthong will form:

• [u̯] for alluvial 'alluvial' ([i̯au̯], manual 'manual' ([u̯au̯]) and Gabriel 'Gabriel' ([i̯ɛu̯])
• [i̯] for aloés 'aloe plants' (u̯ɛi̯) and águias 'eagles' ([i̯ai̯)

Romanian:

• [i̯au̯] as in iau 'I take'
• [e̯au̯] as in rîdeau 'they were laughing'

Spanish:

• [u̯ei̯] as in buey 'ox'
• [u̯ai̯] as in Uruguay
• [i̯ai̯] as in cambiáis ('you [plural]change')
• [i̯ei̯] as in cambiéis ('that you may change')

Vietnamese:

• [ɨ̯əɪ̯] as in tươi 'fresh'
• [ɨ̯əʊ̯] as in rượu 'alcohol'
• [i̯əʊ̯] as in tiêu 'pepper'
• [u̯əɪ̯] as in nuôi 'to nourish'
• [u̯ai̯] as in khoai 'potato'
• [u̯iɜ] as in khuya 'late into the night'
• [u̯iʊ̯] as in khuỵu 'to fall on one's knees'^{[citation needed]}
• [u̯ɛʊ̯] as in ngoẹo 'to turn/twist'

Third segment is the nucleus

Romanian (semivocalic phonemes marked with inverted breve accent below):

• [e̯o̯a] as in pleoape 'eyelids'
• [i̯o̯a] as in creioane 'pencils'

References

Gütter, Adolf (1971). Nordbairischer Sprachatlas. pp. maps 8 mhd. â, 9 mhd. ô, 11 mhd. ê, 15 mhd. uo, 13 mhd. ie, 14 mhd. üe.

wikipedia

 

Struktur Kalimat Bahasa Inggris

(an extremely basic of understanding English)

Kalimat adalah bagian paling dasar dan penting dalam berkomunikasi, baik verbal maupun tulisan, termasuk juga dalam bahasa Inggris. Selayaknya, pemahaman mengenai struktur dasar kalimat menjadi prioritas yang harus dikuasai sebelum bercengkerama dengan aspek-aspek pembelajaran bahasa Inggris lainnya.

Berikut akan dipaparkan komponen-komponen dalam kalimat bahasa Inggris dan hal-hal yang penting diketahui berkaitan dengan komponen struktur tersebut. Untuk memudahkan pemahaman kita, maka penjelasan tentang pola kalimat dalam bahasa Inggris akan kita bahas sejajar dengan pola kalimat bahasa Indonesia Raya

STRUKTUR KALIMAT

Secara umum, tidak ada perbedaan yang sangat mencolok antara struktur kalimat bahasa Inggris dengan bahasa Indonesia, dimana suatu kalimat dibangun atas 4 komponen utama, yaitu

——————————————————————————————————

Subject (S) + Verb (V) + Complement (C) + Modifier (M)

——————————————————————————————————

Dalam bahasa Indonesia, komponen ini kita kenal dengan Subjek + Kata Kerja + Objek + Keterangan

contoh:

We studied grammar last week

We + studied + grammar + last week

S + V + C + M

_________________________

1. SUBJECT

• is the agent of sentence in the active voice (agen dari suatu kalimat dalam bentuk aktif)
• is thing/person that performs or responsible for the action of a sentence (benda/orang/pihak yang melakukan kegiatan atau yang bertanggung jawab terhadap suatu aksi dalam suatu kalimat)
• normally precedes the verb (biasanya mendahului verb, atau setelah subject biasanya terdapat verb *sama aja kalee…

contoh:

• I explain how to study English
• She listens to my explanation
• They didn’t understand that language

Subjek dapat diketahui dari pertanyaan who (siapa) atau what (apa) yang melakukan perbuatan pada suatu kalimat.
_________________________
2. VERB
Verb is the action of a sentence (aksi atau perbuatan pada suatu kalimat)
Verb phrase: gabungan antara auxilaries dengan main verb (kata kerja utama)
contoh:

• I am learning English (am = auxilary, learning = main verb)
• My brother is very clever
• She has gone home (has = auxilary, gone = main verb)
• I have been waiting here (have been = auxilary, waiting = main verb)

Setiap kalimat mesti mempunyai Verb
_________________________

3. COMPLEMENT

• Biasanya berupa noun (kata benda) atau noun phrase (frasa kata benda)
• biasanya terdapat setelah verb pada kalimat aktif
• complement menjawab pertanyaan what (apa) atau siapa (whom)

contoh:

• Sarijon bought a cake yesterday
  • What did Sarijon buy yesterday?  –> a cake.
• He saw Tony at the movie
  • Whom did he see at the movie? –> Tony
• I explain pharmacology to my students
  • What do I explain to my students? –> pharmacology

Catatan: Setiap kalimat tidak harus mempunyai complement.

_________________________

4. MODIFIER

• Modifier menjelaskan time (waktu), place (tempat), atau manner (cara) dari sebuah aksi atau perbuatan
• Bentuk yang paling umum dari modifier adalah prepositional phrase (kelompok kata yang dimulai dengan sebuah preposition dan diakhiri dengan sebuah noun
  • Preposition = on, out, under, behind, etc…
    
• Modifier menjawab pertanyaan when (kapan), where (dimana), atau how (bagaimana)

contoh:

• John bought a book at a book fair
  • Where did John buy a book? –> at a book fair
• She is driving very fast
  • How is she driving? –> very fast
• I posted my application yesterday
  • When do I post my application? –> yesterday

_________________________

CONTOH CV DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS DAN CARA MEMBUAT

CONTOH CV DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS DAN CARA MEMBUAT

Cara mudah belajar bahasa Inggris - Contoh CV dalam bahasa Inggris memang sangat dibutuhkan bagi seorang pelamar kerja yang hendak menguji kemampuannya di dalam perusahaan asing. Kendati demikian, tidak heran apabila siswa sekolah saat ini juga mempunyai banyak kebutuhan mengenai contoh CV dalam bahasa Inggris. 

Karena, contoh CV juga termasuk ke dalam materi pembelajaran yang sudah seharusnya didapatkan. Sejatinya, ada banyak contoh CV dalam bahasa Inggris di berbagai sumber dan salah satunya adalah website ini. 

Anda bisa melihat struktur contoh CV berikut dimana terdapat nama si pemilik CV beserta alamat serta nomor telepon. Kemudian, dijelaskanlah profile sang pemilik secara ringkas, dan rata-rata memberikan penjelasan mengenai kecakapan profesionalnya. Setelah itu, CV berlanjut ke carrier summary yang membahas mengenai pekerjaan yang dilakukan oleh pemilik CV hingga saat ini. Juga, dibagian selanjutnya terdapat pendidikan formal dan non formal, hingga hobi. Untuk lebih detailnya, silakan simak contoh CV dalam bahasa Inggris berikut ini. 

CONTOH CV DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS PERTAMA

Kurniawan Joni Prakosa

67 Mandala, East Jakarta

Telephone: (021) 8990925 (Home); 081324567856 (Mobile)

Email: andikakurniawan@example.com

Professional Profile

A senior manager who has the dedication and success orientation in any business achievement within the company. He has created a lot of marketing strategies that have an impact on the growth of the company's assets. Experienced in working with many leading brands in the automotive retail industry and in a competitive way. Has an excellent capacity in the leads and has been working in the company for such a long period of time. Have excellent systems thinking, interpersonal skills, smooth communication, good negotiation skills and the great ability to develop and to maintain internal and external relationships to be able to mutually beneficial. Enjoyed every working environment and team collaboration system has a highly structured and well. 

Career Summary

2010–2013 TYRES Indonesia LTD

Interim Network Development Manager

1. Perform a project management redevelopment of retail sales in the Indonesian market strategy that aims to expand the market of automotive industry
2. Successfully developed a business idea franchise with turnover increase over 50 % in one year
3. Develop the site online automotive marketing
4. Working closely with many automotive businesses to develop marketing networks
5. Actively involved in the retail store concept renewal
6. Develop staff and move directly to form an academy automotive company

2005–2010 BDW GROUP

2010–2010 Managing Director, BDW Contact Ltd

1. Having a full responsibility for the establishment and management of new business at any branch
2. Actively involved in the provision of marketing services to consumers in many branches of the company
3. Collaborate well with professionals and third parties in order to increase the company's network
4. Perform software organizations to employees management
5. Introduce a variety of services and facilitating corporate special 24 hour service for consumers

2002–2005 Operations Director 

1. Provide management and support to staff so that they achieve the maximum performance in the world of work
2. Provide facilities for staff so that they are able to create an excellent customer service
3. Maintain full benefits and accountability of losses up to $ 5 million and then achieve revenue growth by more than 10% each year
4. Improve marketing management for companies and reduce losses
5. Enabling a 5% increase of the actual gross margin in one year through the implementation of staff work in incentive scheme

Education and Qualifications

S-1 Degree Economic Management of CFR University 

S-1 Degree Economic Management of CFR University 

Professional Development

• Management Development software

• Effective Management of industry

• Marketing Management skills

• Appraisal Training of Management

• Presentation Skills through a High Technology

• Team Work Building

• Finance for Non-financial Managers

• Creativity Training 

IT Skills

• Word, Excel, Access, PowerPoint, Internet, Blog, Online Marketing and Email

Personal Details

Driving Licence : Full/Clean

Health : Excellent; non-smoker

Interests: Computer, Blogging, Golf

CONTOH CV DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS KEDUA

Martin Mahendra saputra


address: 56 Garuda, West Jakarta Telephone: 01632 960 326Mobile: 07700 900 285e-mail: martinwardle@example.com

Professional profile


A web designer who is so enthusiastic and really liked being a part of the lead, organize, and so productive in completing each job. Able to understand the diverse ideas and works very well with a very high motivation. Able to work under pressure and have a great ability to work effectively.


Objective


Currently looking for a job-related technical skills in the organization of a website as well as programming. Keen to improve the ability of developers to become more professional.


Key technical skills



Adobe PhotoShop
Macromedia Dreamweaver
QuarkXPress
Adobe Illustrator
Macromedia Flash
Strata Studio Pro (3D)
Adobe Premiere
Macromedia Director
FTP Programs
Adobe After Effects
Poser
Bryce 3D
Adobe Acrobat
QTVR
Microsoft Excel
Microsoft PowerPoint
Equilibrium
Media Cleaner Pro


Career summary


2010–date Webmaster, Graphics Jakarta

1. Developing a department website to improve personal branding and service to society
2. Integrating software and continue to update it so as to form a sophisticated system and be able to create better services
3. Training the team in the use of Beyond Press Pro, QuarkXPress, PhotoShop, Media Cleaner Pro, Dreamweaver, QTVR and Adobe Premier
4. Train staff to be able to plunge into the world of blogging and the internet to know well
5. Coordinate well with other staff in finding clients and improve a company's earnings

Selected portfolio



www.website.com
www.anotherwebsite.com 
www.onewithtext.com
www.andanother.com 
www.onewithgraphics.com 
www.flashwebsite.com
www.personalwebsite.com 
www.onemoreexample.com


Education and qualifications

2004-2009 S-1 Degree Computer Science of Rush University


Professional development


• Team Leadership (2012)• Presentation Skills (2010)


Personal details


Driving Licence : Full/CleanHealth : Excellent; non-smokerLanguages : Indonesian and English


Interests and activities

Currently include : Photography, Blogging

CARA MEMBUAT CV DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS

1. Sertakan Nama, alamat, nomor telepon, dan e-mail
2. Berikan penjelasan singkat mengenai siapa diri Anda dan keunggulan Anda
3. Berikan penjelasan detail mengenai karir Anda dari satu periode dalam perusahaan ke periode dan perusahaan lain
4. Sertakan kemampuan personal
5. Sertakan pengalaman pendidikan baik formal maupun non formal
6. Sertakan hobi Anda

Itulah dua contoh CV dalam bahasa Inggris dan cara membuatnya yang bisa Anda manfaatkan dengan baik. Semoga membantu.

CONTOH PERCAKAPAN SEHARI-HARI DALAM BAHASA INGGRIS | DIALOG PERCAKAPAN 2 - 3 ORANG - REA

DAILY CONVERSATION / PERCAKAPAN SEHARI-HARI

Going to Uncle’s House

A : William B : Erick

A : Hello… Erick..!?
B : Oh, hello William.. How are you ?
A : I’m fine. Thank you. How about you ?
B : I’m fine, too. You bring a lot of things. Where do you want to go, anyway ?
A : I want to go to my uncle’s house.
B : Oh, I see.
A : Yes, tomorrow is my uncle’s birthday.
B : Really..!?
A : Yes Erick.
B : And have you buy something special for your uncle?
A : Yes, I have.
B : May I know, what is it?
A : Of course. I bought a very good wallet. Made in Italy.
B : Wow… Your uncle must be happy to receive it.
A : I hope so.
B : By the way, are you alone to go there?
A : Yes, I am.
B : If you don’t mind, I can escort you till there by car.
A : Are you serious…!?
B : Yes, I am.
A : It takes about 2 hours, you know.
B : It’s okay, william.
A : You are very kind to me. Thank you so much, Erick.
B : You are my friend. And don’t be silly.
A : Oh, okay. Please, forgive me.
B : Then, shall we go now?
A : OK.
B : Good. Let’s go now.

Pergi ke Rumah Paman

A : William B : Erick
A : Halloo… Erick..!?
B : Oh, halo William.., apa kabar?
A : Aku baik-baik saja. Makasih. Gimana kabarmu?
B : Aku juga baik-baik saja. Kamu membawa banyak sekali barang. Memangnya mau kemana?
A : Aku ingin pergi ke rumah paman ku.
B : Oh, begitu.
A : Iya. Besok paman ku berulang tahun.
B : Benarkah?
A : Iya, Erick.
B : Dan apakah kamu sudah membeli sesuatu hadiah istimewa buat paman mu ?
A : Iya, sudah.
B : Boleh aku tau apa itu ?
A : Tentu. Aku membelikannya sebuah dompet yang sangat bagus sekali. Buatan Italy.
B : Wow… Pamanmu pasti sangat senang sekali menerimanya.
A : Aku juga berharap begitu.
B : Ngomong-ngomong, apakah kamu pergi sendirian aja ke sana?
A : Iya benar.
B : Kalau kamu tidak keberatan, aku bisa mengantarkanmu sampai ke sana?
A : Apa kamu sungguh-sungguh ?
B : Iya.
A : Bisa memakan waktu selama 2 jam, lho?
B : Gak apa-apa William.
A : Kamu baik sekali. Terima kasih banyak yah Erick.
B : Kamu kan teman ku. Jangan jadi bodoh.
William : Oh, maafin yah.
A : Kalau begitu, apakah kita berangkat sekarang aja?
William : Baiklah.
B : Bagus. Yuk, kita berangkat sekarang.

Roasted Fish

A : Do you like eating fish?
B : Yes, I like salted fish. How about you?
A : I also like eating fish. I like roasted fish.
B : Where do you usually buy it?
A : If I have time, I usually buy it in a small warung/shop on the beach.
B : What time do you usually go there?
A : It opens from 03.00 PM (three o’clock) until about 10.00 – 11.00 PM (ten or eleven o’clock/PM).
B : How much is it?
A : If it’s small / The small one is, around Rp 20.000 (twenty thousand Rupiahs), and the big one is around
Rp 35.000 (thirty five thousand Rupiahs) up to Rp 50.000 (fifty thousand Rupiahs).
B : Is the price including rice and vegetable?
A : Yes, including rice, vegetable, and hot or sweet sauce.
B : How about (the) drink?
A : Drink is not included. You should pay extra for the drink.
B : One day, please take me there.
A : Yes, my pleasure.
B : Thank you.

Ikan Bakar

A : Apakah kamu suka makan ikan?
B : Ya, aku suka ikan asin. Bagaimana dengan kamu?
A : Aku juga suka makan ikan. Aku suka ikan bakar.
B : Dimana biasanya kamu membelinya?
A : Kalau aku punya waktu, aku biasanya membelinya di sebuah warung kecil di pinggir pantai.
B : Jam berapa biasanya kamu ke sana?
A : Bukanya mulai jam 3 sore sampai sekitar jam 10 atau 11 malam.
B : Berapa harganya?
A : Kalau yang kecil, sekitar Rp 20.000, dan yang besar sekitar Rp 35.000 sampai Rp 50.000.
B : Apakah harga itu sudah termasuk nasi dan sayur?
A : Ya, sudah termasuk nasi, sayur, dan sambal pedas atau manis.
B : Bagaimana dengan minuman?
A : Minuman tidak termasuk. Kamu harus membayar extra untuk minuman.
B : Kapan-kapan, ajak aku ke sana ya.
A : Ya, dengan senang hati.
B : Terima kasih.

Cat

A : Do you have cat at home?
B : Last time I had, but now no. My mother doesn’t like cat. How about you?
A : I have one male cat. The hair is yellow and white. I like him very much. I often play with him.
B : Do you make a special house for him?
A : No, I don’t make it for him.
B : Where does he sleep?
A : More often outside the house. But, if it rains, in the living room.
B : What do you usually feed him?
A : He likes salted fish. Sometimes I buy special cat food for him.
B : Actually I want to have a cat again, but my mother doesn’t allow/prohibit me.
A : Temporary don’t have it first. Maybe later, if she has changed her mind.
B : Thank you for your advice.

Kucing

A : Apakah kamu punya kucing di rumah?
B : Dulu aku punya, tapi sekarang tidak. Ibuku tidak suka kucing. Bagaimana dengan kamu?
A : Aku punya satu kucing jantan. Warna bulunya kuning dan putih. Aku sangat menyukainya. Aku sering bermain
dengannya.
B : Apakah kamu membuatkannya kandang khusus?
A : Tidak. Aku tidak membuatkannya kandang.
B : Dimana dia tidur?
A : Lebih sering di luar rumah. Tapi kalau hujan dia tidur di ruang tamu.
B : Apa yang biasanya kamu kasi makan?
A : Dia suka ikan asin. Kadang aku membelikan makanan kucing khusus.
B : Sebenarnya aku ingin memelihara kucing lagi, tapi ibuku melarangnya.
A : Sementara jangan dulu. Mungkin nanti jika ia sudah berubah pikiran.
B : Terima kasih nasehatmu.

Reading a Newspaper

A : Do you often read newspaper?
B : Sometimes. My mother sometimes brings it from her working place.
A : What do you like to read most?
B : I like news most, especially news about other country. Someday I want to go overseas.
A : You should be able to speak English if you want to go overseas.
B : Yes, I will learn it from now.
A : Is there also English lesson in the newspaper?
B : Yes, but very little.
A : Oh ya, what paper do you often read?
B : Pos Kota paper. How about you? Do you also like to read newspaper?
A : Actually I like, but I don’t have newspaper to read. My mother never brings it for me.
B : One day I will bring it for you.
A : Thank you.

Membaca Koran

A : Apakah kamu sering membaca koran?
B : Kadang-kadang. Ibuku kadang membawanya dari tempat kerjanya.
A : Apa yang paling suka kamu baca?
B : Aku paling suka berita, terutama berita tentang luar negeri. Suatu saat aku ingin pergi ke luar negeri.
A : Kamu harus bisa berbahasa Inggris kalau kamu ingin ke luar negeri.
B : Ya, aku akan mempelajarinya dari sekarang.
A : Apakah di koran juga ada pelajaran Bahasa Inggris?
B : Ada juga, tapi sangat sedikit sekali.
A : Oh ya, Koran apa yang sering kamu baca?
B : Koran Pos Kota. Bagaimana dengan kamu? Apakah kamu suka membaca koran juga?
A : Sebenarnya suka, tapi aku tak punya koran untuk dibaca. Ibuku tidak pernah membawanya untukku.
B : Kapan-kapan aku akan membawakannya untukmu.
A : Terima kasih….



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